These Notes are for doctor's and medical students.

ELECTRICAL BURNS

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ELECTRICAL BURNS - Electrical injuries are when high-energy current travels through the body due to contact with an electrical source. Injuries occur due to either the flow of current through the body, arc flash, or clothing that catches fire. With the former two, the body converts electricity to heat, which results in a thermal burn.  There can be :- • Depolarization: V.Fib (Heart), M/c cause     of death • Burns • Trauma: Direct Currents High voltage vs low voltage burns Endogenous vs exogenous burns:-   Joule burns:- Crocodile burn Filigree burns LIGHTENING INJURIES: LITCHENBERG FLOWERS • Other names – Arborescent Markings – Filigree burns – Keraunographic markings
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first Aid Treatment of snake bite

ANIMAL IRRITANTS

• Snakes: Ophitoxaemia
• Spiders, scorpions, spanish fly etc.


POISONOUS SNAKES IN SOUTH
EAST ASIA



Clinical Presentation: Poisonous vs Non-poisonous

*Symptoms:-
1.Local:-
a)Mild-> can be poisonous or non poisonous 
b)Severe->poisonous 

2.System:-
a) if present that means poisonous.


*Nonsystemic symptoms+ Mild or negligible local symptoms: - Non-poisonous


*Painless snake bite: Krait, sea-snake
*Painful snake bite: Vipers

MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITES
1. First Aid
2. Anti snake venom: Main treatment
3. Other treatment: Neostigmine (Neurotoxic snakes)


First Aid treatment of Snake Bites



Anti-Snake Venom (ASV)

• Produced from horse serum
• Given if any systemic symptoms present
• Local systems that are severe
• Dose 8-10 vial (IV) are usually required at
beginning of treatment
• 20 minutes whole blood clotting test:
Vasculotoxic snake bites

Procedure :-

1. Take the blood sample in a vial and check after 220
minutes for the clotting
2. If clotting happens: It is normal or ELAPID Bite
3. If clotting doesn’t occur: Bitten by viper, should be
given ASV

ASV for:-
1. Cobra
2. Krait
3. Russell’s Viper
4. Saw-scaled viper


VENOM COMPOSITION





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